Common early signs of multiple sclerosis (MS) include:

• vision problems
• tingling and numbness
• pains and spasms
• weakness or fatigue
• balance problems or dizziness
• bladder issues
• sexual dysfunction
• cognitive problems

For some people, the earliest signs of MS might include clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), neurologic symptoms that last at least 24 hours and can’t be associated with another cause. It includes what’s called demyelination which is damage to myelin, the protective coating that helps to protect nerve cells in the central nervous system.

Although CIS doesn’t necessarily lead to MS, it could be an early sign. Symptoms of a CIS episode could include:

• Optic neuritis. This is damage to the myelin of your optic nerve which may cause vision issues and eye pain.
• Lhermitte’s sign. This condition is caused by a demyelinating lesion on the spinal cord that causes a tingling or shock feeling going down the back and neck, especially when you bend your neck down.
• Transverse myelitis. Transverse myelitis is when the spinal cord is involved and can cause muscle weakness, numbness, and other issues.

An MRI can be a useful tool in helping to determine if there’s only been one episode of CIS or multiple episodes, which may indicate MS.

MS diagnosis

At Siddarth Neuro Hospital our neurologist — will perform several tests to diagnose MS, including:

• Neurological exam: doctor will check for impaired brain or spine function.
• Eye exam: This is a series of tests designed to evaluate your vision.
• MRI: This is a technique that uses a powerful magnetic field and radio waves to create cross-sectional images of the brain and spinal cord.
• Spinal tap: Also called a lumbar puncture, this test involves a long needle that’s inserted into your spine to remove a sample of fluid circulating around your brain and spinal cord.